The most common misconception about gums is that bleeding comes from brushing too hard. A healthy gum does not bleed, even when brushed properly. If a brush or floss draws blood, the gum is inflamed — and the cause is almost always plaque left at the gum line.
1. Gingivitis
By far the most common cause. Plaque collects at the gum line, bacteria cause inflammation, and the gum reddens, swells and bleeds. The good news: at this stage the damage is fully reversible. A professional cleaning and correct daily care are enough.
2. Calculus
Mineralised plaque that cannot be removed at home. Its porous surface holds bacteria constantly against the gum. While calculus remains, the inflammation will not clear — however carefully you brush.
3. Periodontitis
Once inflammation reaches the bone, the bone holding the tooth begins to recede. Bleeding is joined by persistent bad breath, receding gums and later tooth mobility. Bone does not grow back — which is why early intervention is critical.
4. Recently starting to floss
If you have just started using floss or an interdental brush, your gums may bleed for the first week or two. That is inflamed tissue reacting to being cleaned. Do it every day and the bleeding stops. If it lasts more than two weeks, see a dentist.
5. Hormonal changes
Pregnancy, puberty and hormonal medication make the gum more reactive to plaque. Gum inflammation is very common during pregnancy — not dangerous, but it needs more careful hygiene and a hygienist visit.
6. Medication
Blood thinners such as aspirin or warfarin increase bleeding. Some blood pressure and epilepsy medicines cause gum overgrowth, creating new hiding places for plaque. Tell your dentist what you take.
7. General illness and vitamin deficiency
Poorly controlled diabetes markedly worsens gum inflammation. Less often the cause is severe vitamin C deficiency or a blood disorder. If bleeding is widespread and you also bruise easily, see your family doctor.
When to see a dentist
- Bleeding continues for more than two weeks despite careful hygiene.
- Gums have receded or teeth look longer.
- Persistent bad breath or bad taste.
- A tooth is mobile or the bite has changed.
- Swelling or a boil on the gum.
What to do right now
Do not stop brushing the bleeding area — that is exactly where the plaque sustaining the inflammation is. Brush gently but thoroughly with a soft brush, and clean between the teeth every day. In most cases bleeding settles within one to two weeks. If it does not, a professional cleaning is needed.
Book an appointment at Unidenta in Tallinn — a hygienist cleaning costs €100 and resolves most bleeding problems in a single visit.