It is widely believed that teeth must not be treated during pregnancy. In fact the opposite is true: untreated infection in the mouth is a risk factor associated with premature birth and low birth weight. Necessary treatment should not be postponed because of pregnancy — but you must tell the dentist you are pregnant.
Why gums bleed during pregnancy
Hormonal changes increase the gum’s reaction to plaque. Pregnancy gingivitis is very common and usually starts in the second trimester. It is not dangerous but requires more careful hygiene and often a hygienist visit. Less commonly a benign growth appears on the gum — a pregnancy epulis — which usually resolves on its own after birth.
The best time for treatment
- First trimester. Examination, hygiene and urgent treatment only. Organ development is at a critical stage.
- Second trimester (weeks 14–27). The optimal window. Most planned procedures are done here.
- Third trimester. Possible, but lying flat for long periods can be uncomfortable. Short appointments and a semi-upright position are preferred.
What is allowed
- Anaesthetic. Local anaesthesia is safe. Adrenaline-containing preparations are used at normal doses — enduring pain is worse for the baby than anaesthesia.
- Fillings. Decay should be treated, not postponed.
- Root canal treatment. Permitted, especially with infection or pain.
- Tooth extraction. Permitted where necessary, preferably in the second trimester.
- Professional cleaning. Recommended throughout pregnancy.
Radiographs
The radiation dose of a dental radiograph is very small and directed at the jaw, away from the abdomen. A lead apron provides additional protection. Routine images are still deferred, but an image needed for diagnosis is not skipped — undetected infection is the greater risk.
What is postponed
- Teeth whitening.
- Aesthetic procedures that are not necessary.
- Planned implant surgery.
Morning sickness and your teeth
Morning sickness brings stomach acid into the mouth, which softens enamel. Most important: do not brush immediately after vomiting — brushing softened enamel wears it away. Rinse with water or a bicarbonate solution (a teaspoon in a glass of water) and brush 30 minutes later.
If the taste of toothpaste triggers nausea, try a neutral-flavoured or children’s paste — not brushing is not an option.
Before pregnancy
If you are planning a pregnancy, it is sensible to get your teeth in order beforehand. That avoids having to have treatment at the least convenient time.
Book an examination at Unidenta in Tallinn and be sure to mention the pregnancy and how many weeks — it affects treatment planning.